Cross-chain NFT Marketplace: Part II
This is the third part of the Cross-chain NFT Marketplace tutorial series, that will guide you to how to evolve the marketplace to handle cross-chain NFT transfers.
Part I already covered the project's setup and the deployment of the NFT marketplace contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
Part II guided you on how to manually bridge NFTs from the BNB Testnet to the ShimmerEVM Testnet and list them on the NFT marketplace.
In this part, we will evolve the architecture of the marketplace to handle cross-chain NFT transfers. We will deploy the necessary contracts on the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet, and configure them to send and receive NFTs across chains. We will also create scripts to automate sending and receiving NFTs across chains.
Prerequisites
- Node.js >= v18.0
- Hardhat >= v2.0.0
- npx >= v7.1.0.
- Followed the steps in Part I and Part II of the tutorial series.
Configuration
No extra configurations are needed for this part of the tutorial. You can use the same hardhat.config.js file from Part I.
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Contracts Architecture
Next to the marketplace contract, you will deploy additional contracts to handle cross-chain NFT transfers and messages. To put things into perspective, here is the flow of the cross-chain NFT buying process from a user on BNB Testnet to the marketplace on ShimmerEVM Testnet:
Flow
1- A user Alice on ShimmerEVM Testnet lists an NFT on the marketplace. The NFT is an ONFT so that the NFT can be transferred across chains. The NFT can also be a normal ERC721 token, but in this case, a proxy contract must be used to transfer the NFT across chains.
2- A user Bob with some ERC20 tokens, an OFT, on the BNB Testnet wants to buy an NFT listed on the marketplace on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
3- Bob allows the CrossChainAgent contract on the BNB Testnet to transfer the required amount of ERC20 to itself. Note that ERC20 tokens are an OFT that can be transferred across chains themselves.
4- The user calls buyCrossChain on the CrossChainAgent contract with the required amount of ERC20 tokens and the NFT ID.
5- The CrossChainAgent contract sends a message to the CrossChainAgent contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet with the user's address and the NFT Address and token ID.
6- The CrossChainAgent contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet receives the message, does some checks, and then calls the buyItemCrossChain function on the marketplace contract to complete the purchase.
7- The marketplace contract interacts with the corresponding ONFT contract to transfer the NFT to the user.
The flow doesn't include transferring ERC20 tokens across chains. The CrossChainAgent contract receives the ERC20 tokens on the BNB Testnet and sends a message to the CrossChainAgent contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet. This can be done, but it would add more complexity to the flow.
MyOFT.sol
A simple ERC20 token contract that you will deploy on the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet. This will be used as the currency for buying NFTs on the marketplace.
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CrossChainAgent.sol
The CrossChainAgent contract is responsible for sending and receiving messages across chains. It is deployed on both the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet. The contract has two main functions:
buyCrossChain: This function is called by the user on the BNB Testnet to send a message to theCrossChainAgentcontract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet with the user's address and the NFT Address and token ID. It transfers the required amount of ERC20 tokens to theCrossChainAgentcontract on the BNB Testnet, and calls_lzsendto send a message to theCrossChainAgentcontract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
/// @notice this function is to be called by the user to buy an NFT on BNB
function buyCrossChain(
uint16 _dstChainId,
address _user,
address _tokenAddress,
address _nftAddress,
uint256 _amount,
uint256 _tokenId,
address payable refundAddress,
bytes memory adapterParams
) public payable {
IERC20(_tokenAddress).transferFrom(_user, address(this), _amount);
// Update user balance on this chain
balances[_user] += _amount;
// Encode the payload with the required data
bytes memory payload = abi.encode(
abi.encodePacked(_user),
_amount,
_nftAddress,
_tokenId
);
// Send the payload to the agent on Shimmer
_lzSend(_dstChainId, payload, refundAddress, address(0x0), adapterParams, msg.value);
}
_nonblockingLzReceive: This function is called by the LayerZero endpoint on the destination chain upon the receipt of a message. We override this function in theCrossChainAgentcontract Testnet to call the_notifyMarketPlacefunction on the marketplace contract to complete the purchase.
/// @notice This function is called by LayerZero when a cross-chain message is received
function _nonblockingLzReceive(
uint16 ,
bytes memory ,
uint64 _nonce,
bytes memory _payload
) internal override {
// Decode the payload
(bytes memory toAddressBytes, uint256 amount, address tokenAddress, uint256 tokenId) = abi.decode(_payload, (bytes, uint256, address, uint256));
// Convert toAddressBytes to an address
address to;
assembly {
to := mload(add(toAddressBytes, 20))
}
// Increment the user's balance
balances[to] += amount;
// Emit events
emit CustomMessageReceived(amount, tokenAddress, tokenId, to);
emit EmitPayload(_payload);
// Notify the marketplace that the balance is updated (this could be another cross-chain message)
_notifyMarketplace(tokenAddress, tokenId, to, balances[to]);
}
The full contract code is as follows:
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NFTMarketPlaceV2.sol
The NFTMarketPlaceV2 contract is an updated version of the NFTMarketPlace contract that you deployed in Part I. This version includes a new function buyItemCrossChain that is called by the CrossChainAgent contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet to complete the purchase of an NFT.
The function checks if the item is listed, and available, and if the user has enough balance to complete the purchase. It then transfers the NFT to the user by making a call to the NFT's proxy contract (The contract responsible for transferring the NFT cross-chain). The user's balance is updated, and the item's availability is set to false.
function buyItemCrossChain(
address nftAddress,
uint256 tokenId,
address payable buyer,
uint256 amount
) external nonReentrant isListed(nftAddress, tokenId) {
Listing memory listedItem = s_listings[nftAddress][tokenId];
_validateAmount(amount, listedItem.price, nftAddress, tokenId);
delete s_listings[nftAddress][tokenId];
_approveNFT(listedItem.proxyContract, nftAddress, tokenId);
bytes memory adapterParams = _createAdapterParams(buyer);
uint256 fee = _estimateFee(listedItem.proxyContract, buyer, tokenId, adapterParams);
_sendNFT(listedItem, buyer, tokenId, adapterParams, fee);
s_proceeds[listedItem.seller] += amount;
emit ItemBought(msg.sender, nftAddress, tokenId, listedItem.price);
}
The full contract code is as follows:
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Scripts
You will add scripts that perform the following tasks in order:
Deploy the
NFTMarketPlaceV2contract to the ShimmerEVM Testnet.Deploy an
ONFT721contract on ShimmerEVM Testnet and BNB Testnet, and configure them to send and receive NFTs across chains.Mint an NFT (from the
ONFTcontract), allow the marketplace to spend it then list it on the marketplace.Deploy the
CrossChainAgentcontract to the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet.Configure the
CrossChainAgentcontract on the BNB Testnet to send messages to theCrossChainAgentcontract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.Call the
buyCrossChainfunction on theCrossChainAgentcontract on the BNB Testnet to buy the NFT listed on the marketplace on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
Deploy NFTMarketPlaceV2
This script will deploy the MarketPlaceV2 contract to the Shimmer Testnet, and save the contract's address to a file called MarketplaceV2_Shimmer.txt.
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You can run this script with the following command:
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy_marketplace_v2_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
Deploy ONFT721
The next step is to deploy the ONFT721 contract to the ShimmerEVM Testnet and the BNB Testnet. The ONFT721 contract is an ERC721 contract that can send and receive NFTs across chains.
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You can run both scripts by executing the following commands:
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy_onft_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy_onft_bnb.js --network bnbTestnet
Set trusted remote of ONFT on BNB and Shimmer
After deploying the ONFT contracts, you need to wire them up by caling setTrustedRemoteAddress on the ONFT721 contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet and BNB Testnet.
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You can run the script by executing the following command:
npx hardhat run scripts/set_trusted_remote_bnb.js --network bnbTestnet
npx hardhat run scripts/set_trusted_remote_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
Mint an NFT and list it on the marketplace
After deployment and configuration of the ONFT721 contracts, you can mint an NFT, allow the marketplace to spend it, and list it on the marketplace.
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You can run the scripts by executing the following commands:
npx hardhat run scripts/mint_nft_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
npx hardhat run scripts/approve_myERC721_for_marketplace.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
Deploy CrossChainAgent
Now that we have an NFT listed on the marketplace, we need to deploy the CrossChainAgent contract to the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
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You can run the scripts by executing the following commands:
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy_messanger_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy_messanger_bnb.js --network bnbTestnet
Configure CrossChainAgent
After deploying the CrossChainAgent contracts, you need to configure the CrossChainAgent contract on the BNB Testnet to send messages to the CrossChainAgent contract on the ShimmerEVM Testnet. This is the same process as setting the trusted remote address for the ONFT721 contracts.
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You can run the scripts by executing the following commands:
npx hardhat run scripts/set_trusted_remote_agent_bnb.js --network bnbTestnet
npx hardhat run scripts/set_trusted_remote_agent_shimmer.js --network shimmerevm-testnet
Call buyCrossChain to buy the NFT
Finally, on the BNB Tetnet, call the CrossChainAgent contract to buy the NFT listed on the marketplace on the ShimmerEVM Testnet.
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You can run the script by executing the following command:
npx hardhat run scripts/send_msg_bnb.js --network bnbTestnet
For the OFTs, we are using the MyOFT contract, which is a simple ERC20 token contract. You can deploy this contract to the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet using the same process as the ONFT721 contract.
Conclusion
In the third part of the tutorial, we have automated the buy flow of the cross-chain NFT marketplace. We have deployed the necessary contracts on the BNB Testnet and the ShimmerEVM Testnet and configured them to send and receive NFTs across chains.